OpenStack使用摘要本文详细介绍了OpenStack云平台的两种使用方式WEB界面操作和命令行CLI操作。通过完整的实验流程展示了从创建实例类型、上传镜像、配置网络外部网络、内网、路由器到创建实例、登录测试的全过程。WEB界面部分以截图为主直观展示操作步骤CLI部分提供详细的命令行代码帮助读者全面掌握OpenStack的基本操作。WEB界面实验创建实例类型(规格)上传镜像创建外部网络创建内网创建路由器观察此刻网络拓扑创建实例实例创建成功VNC登录右击在新标签页中打开连接观察此刻网络拓扑instance1 外网通信测试CLI实验还原快照照着WEB一摸一样再来一遍创建实例类型(规格)[rootcontroller ~]# source keystonerc_admin[rootcontroller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack flavor create --helpusage: openstack flavor create[-h][-f{json,shell,table,value,yaml}][-c COLUMN][--noindent][--prefix PREFIX][--max-widthinteger][--fit-width][--print-empty][--idid][--ramsize-mb][--disksize-gb][--ephemeralsize-gb][--swapsize-mb][--vcpusvcpus][--rxtx-factorfactor][--public|--private][--propertykeyvalue][--projectproject][--descriptiondescription][--project-domainproject-domain]flavor-nameCreate new flavor positional arguments:flavor-nameNew flavor name optional arguments: -h,--helpshow thishelpmessage andexit--ididUnique flavor ID;autocreates a UUID(default: auto)--ramsize-mbMemory sizeinMB(default 256M)--disksize-gbDisk sizeinGB(default 0G)--ephemeralsize-gbEphemeral disk sizeinGB(default 0G)--swapsize-mbAdditional swap space sizeinMB(default 0M)--vcpusvcpusNumber of vcpus(default1)--rxtx-factorfactorRX/TX factor(default1.0)--publicFlavor is available to other projects(default)--privateFlavor is not available to other projects--propertykeyvalueProperty toaddforthis flavor(repeat option tosetmultiple properties)--projectprojectAllowprojectto access private flavor(name or ID)(Must be used with--privateoption)--descriptiondescriptionDescriptionforthe flavor.(Supported by API versions2.55-2.latest--project-domainproject-domainDomain the project belongs to(name or ID). This can be usedincasecollisions between project names exist. output formatters: output formatter options-f{json,shell,table,value,yaml},--format{json,shell,table,value,yaml}the output format, defaults to table-cCOLUMN,--columnCOLUMN specify the column(s)to include, can be repeated to show multiple columns json formatter:--noindentwhether to disable indenting the JSON shell formatter: aformata UNIX shell can parse(variablevalue)--prefixPREFIXadda prefix to all variable names table formatter: --max-widthintegerMaximum display width,1to disable. You can also use the CLIFF_MAX_TERM_WIDTH environment variable, but the parameter takes precedence. --fit-width Fit the table to the display width. Impliedif--max-width greater than0. Set the environment variableCLIFF_FIT_WIDTH1to alwaysenable--print-empty Print empty tableifthere is no data to show.[rootcontroller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack flavor create --vcpus 1 --ram 1000 --disk 1 m1.1u.1g------------------------------------------------------------------|Field|Value|------------------------------------------------------------------|OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled|False||OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral|0||disk|1||id|b09812ee-8c91-49b9-b17b-f68bf21ba04c||name|m1.1u.1g||os-flavor-access:is_public|True||properties|||ram|1000||rxtx_factor|1.0||swap|||vcpus|1|------------------------------------------------------------------上传镜像将镜像通过SFTP上传到controller节点/root目录上传镜像到openstack[rootcontroller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack image create --file /root/cirros-0.5.2-x86_64-disk.img --disk-format qcow2 --public cirros-0.5.2创建外部网络[rootcontroller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack network create \--project-domain admin\--provider-network-type flat\--provider-physical-network extnet\--external\waiwang[rootcontroller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack subnet create \--subnet-range192.168.108.0/24\--gateway192.168.108.2\--allocation-poolstart192.168.108.100,end192.168.108.200\--networkwaiwang\waiwang_subnet创建内网[rootcontroller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack network create --project-domain admin neiwang1[rootcontroller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack subnet create --subnet-range 172.16.0.0/24 --gateway 172.16.0.1 --allocation-pool start172.16.0.100,end172.16.0.200 --dns-nameserver 8.8.8.8 --network neiwang1 neiwang_subnet1创建路由器[rootcontroller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack router create router1[rootcontroller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack router set --external-gateway waiwang router1[rootcontroller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack router add subnet router1 neiwang_subnet1观察此刻网络拓扑创建实例[rootcontroller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack server create --image cirros-0.5.2 --flavor m1.1u.1g --network neiwang1 instance1实例创建成功查看有哪些实例[rootcontroller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack server list -f table--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|ID|Name|Status|Networks|Image|Flavor|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|07e06925-625f-4dbb-8180-e2ea17ba9d04|instance1|ACTIVE|neiwang1172.16.0.136|cirros-0.5.2|m1.1u.1g|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------查看实例instance1详细信息[rootcontroller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack server show instance1-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|Field|Value|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|OS-DCF:diskConfig|MANUAL||OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone|nova||OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host|compute||OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname|compute||OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name|instance-00000001||OS-EXT-STS:power_state|Running||OS-EXT-STS:task_state|None||OS-EXT-STS:vm_state|active||OS-SRV-USG:launched_at|2024-09-23T03:07:57.000000||OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at|None||accessIPv4|||accessIPv6|||addresses|neiwang1172.16.0.136||config_drive|||created|2024-09-23T03:07:54Z||flavor|m1.1u.1g(b09812ee-8c91-49b9-b17b-f68bf21ba04c)||hostId|f00630fce60ba860032d71e9058332f335ee93e9d368814f519aa57e||id|07e06925-625f-4dbb-8180-e2ea17ba9d04||image|cirros-0.5.2(720f9ec0-d58c-4456-8d50-d6624bf11831)||key_name|None||name|instance1||progress|0||project_id|03e49a46342d48ab9607b4919925e42c||properties|||security_groups|namedefault||status|ACTIVE||updated|2024-09-23T03:08:00Z||user_id|7ef9147a8abe485889ece90dce340ab1||volumes_attached||-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VNC登录后续可以SSH登录观察此刻网络拓扑instance1 外网通信测试
